
The tendency of Caulerpa taxifolia and other Caulerpa species to rapidly overtake aquariums through their prolific growth often leads to the need to either discard it from the tank or routinely thin it.
Careless disposal of this seaweed can lead to its introduction into the wild.
Caulerpa simply washed from a front yard into the gutter could survive the trip down the storm drain and into nearby bays, estuaries, lagoons, creeks or the ocean, where it could easily become established and start a new infestation. Even a 1-millimeter piece of Caulerpa can grow to form a new infestation.
The threat from this species is so great that it currently is illegal to possess or sell nine species of Caulerpa in California under California Fish and Game Code 2300 (including grape and feather Caulerpa). banned species
Any person, or pet shop, that violates the code is subject to a civil penalty of $500 to $10,000 for each violation.
In addition, the aquarium strain of Caulerpa taxifolia is on the Federal Noxious Weed List, so it is illegal to import it into the U.S. or to transport it across state lines. It’s use is also banned in many states. Federal and State Laws
Alternative species for use in tanks and refugia include Chaetomorpha, Halimeda, Ulva, Enteromorpha, or Gracilaria. photos
Eric Borneman says in the December 2003 issue of Reefkeeping:
"I am not in any way condemning the use of macroalgae in refugia. I am very fond of many of them, although many have quite numerous and toxic secondary metabolites, like soft corals and sponges. In particular, I am very unfond of Caulerpa. It is invasive and very difficult to eradicate. It is toxic to fish and has many metabolites - and releases them when the organism degenerates during spawning. Acidic rhizomes etch carbonate and these algae can kill other more desirable species by overgrowth. I have had it grow right through the stalks of soft corals. Many aquarists say that it has not been a problem for them. My response? Just wait. It will. I guess my big question regarding Caulerpa is why use it at all when so many more desirable species of macroalgae exist, like Chaetomorpha species, or others."

Aquarium owners who find themselves no longer able to care for their saltwater aquarium systems may feel that the humane course of action is to release the contents into the wild. However, this is a misguided belief. Few species kept in saltwater aquaria are native to this area, and most would perish when released into the wild. Others are particularly adaptable and would become established in their new environment, facing none of the predators and diseases that would normally keep them in check in their natural ecosystem.
While the vast majority of saltwater aquarists handle their pets responsibly, a single careless disposal of aquarium water, sediment, rocks, seaweed, plant or animals can result in a marine bioinvasion.
Help prevent invasions. Never release the contents of your aquarium into the wild!
A discussion of the problem with using Grape Caulerpa in saltwater aquariums.
Other non-native aquarium species established in the wild:
http://www.oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/stories/lionfish/welcome.html
http://www.oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/stories/lionfish/lion03_blame.html
http://www.reef.org/data/meps_exotic.pdf
From a 2/10 posting on ReefCentral by a saltwater hobbyist in response to the question posed by another hobbyist:
"Caulerpa in my refugium, how to know I have enough? "
"One single blade is TOO MUCH!
If there’s one thing I could redo over in this hobby it would be to NEVER have let that junk into ANY of my tanks.
Someone told me "Awe it will be fine in the fuge!"
Guess what?
It escaped the fuge and destroyed my entire zoo tank, and forced me to shutdown my other tank too.
So that’s two tanks I have lost to that stuff!
It’s bad nasty stuff!
There is no benefit to using Calurpa over Cheato,
BUT there are MANY reasons NOT to use Calurpa instead of Cheato."